Kulula kakhulu ukuba abantu bawaqonde amandla asebenzayo, kodwa akukho lula ukuwaqonda nzulu amandla angasebenziyo.Kwisekethe ye-sinusoidal, ingcamango yamandla asebenzayo icacile, kodwa phambi kwe-harmonics, inkcazo yamandla asebenzayo ayicacanga.Nangona kunjalo, ingqikelelo yamandla asebenzayo kunye nokubaluleka kwembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo iyahambelana.Amandla asebenzayo kufuneka abandakanye imbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo asisiseko kunye namandla asebenzayo.
Amandla asebenzayo abaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla kunye nokusebenza komthwalo.I-impedance yamacandelo enethiwekhi yenkqubo yamandla ngokuyinhloko i-inductive.Ke ngoko, ukuze kudluliswe amandla asebenzayo, umahluko wesigaba uyafuneka phakathi komthumeli kunye nomamkeli, onokuthi uphunyezwe kuluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo.Ukuze udlulise amandla asebenzayo, kukho umahluko wamanani phakathi kombane kwiziphelo zombini, onokuthi uphunyezwe kuphela kuluhlu olumxinwa.Ukongeza kumacandelo amaninzi othungelwano atya imithwalo esebenzayo, imithwalo emininzi nayo ifuna ukusebenzisa imithwalo esebenzayo.Amandla asebenzayo afunwa ngamacandelo enethiwekhi kunye nemithwalo kufuneka afumaneke kwindawo ethile kwinethiwekhi.Ngokucacileyo, la mandla asebenzayo onke abonelelwa ngabavelisi, kwaye ukuthuthwa komgama omde akunangqiqo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka.Indlela efanelekileyo kukuvelisa amandla asebenzayo apho amandla asebenzayo kufuneka asetyenziswe, eyimbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo.
1. Intsingiselo yembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo
Kwinkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwamandla, ukuze kuvavanywe umgangatho wobonelelo lwamandla, ukubaluleka kwembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo inezi zinto zintathu zilandelayo:
1. Ukuze kuncitshiswe umthamo wezixhobo zegridi kunye nokwandisa imveliso yesixhobo
Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokuba amandla asebenzayo angatshintshi, amandla ombane wegridi yamandla ayanda kwaye amandla asebenzayo nawo ayancipha.Inokubonwa kwifomula S-√P2 + Q2 ukuba amandla ngokuqinisekileyo aya kuncipha.Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iyunithi yokusetyenziswa kwamandla idinga umthwalo wombane we-200kW, kwaye umbane wamandla ngu-0.4, unokufumaneka kwi-COSφ=P/S, S=P/cosφ=500kV.A, oko kukuthi, amandla ombane i-transformer efuna i-500kV.A yi-0.8, idinga kuphela ukufakela i-250kV.A transformer.Ingabonwa ukuba njengoko i-coefficient yamandla inyuka, umthamo wezixhobo ezifunekayo unokuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Ingaba i-voltage kunye ne-frequency point point isondele kwisigxina.
(A) Ingaba into yamandla isondele kwi-1.
(b) Kwinkqubo yezigaba ezithathu, ingaba imisinga yesigaba kunye nombane wesigaba zilungelelanisiwe.
Ukusetyenziswa kwembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo ukuphucula amandla ombane akunakunciphisa kuphela ilahleko yamandla ebangelwa kukuhanjiswa kwangoku okusebenzayo, kodwa kwakhona kuphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokunyusa amandla ombane wabasebenzisi bokuphela, kunye nokuphucula inqanaba lokusebenza ngokwezoqoqosho kwezixhobo zombane.Ke ngoko, imbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo ibisoloko iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonikezelo lwamandla kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa.
3. Ukuze kongiwe iindleko zombane
Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo okhoyo wamaxabiso ombane kwilizwe lethu, abathengi abanesixhobo sombane esingaphezu kwe-100kV.A (kW) baya kulungelelanisa intlawulo yombane, kwaye bahlawuliswe xa ityala lombane lingaphantsi kwexabiso eliqhelekileyo.Imbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo iphucule umba wamandla, yanciphisa okanye yanqanda ukunyuka kwamatyala ombane ngenxa yombane ophantsi, kunye nokugcina amatyala ombane.
4. Ukuze kuncitshiswe izohlwayo zeenkampani zamandla
Ngokunyuka kogxininiso kukhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo, iinkampani zamandla ngokuthe ngcembe zilawula ngokungqongqo inkcitho yamandla kumashishini, ngoko ke iinkampani zamandla ziye zabeka izohlwayo ezingakumbi nangakumbi kwezinye iinkampani.Ukuze kuncitshiswe izohlwayo zeenkampani zamandla, iinkampani zaqala ukudlulisa ii-capacitors ukuhlawulela amandla asebenzayo., Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
5. Yandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo
Ngokwexabiso lemveliso, inkampani kufuneka ibale isantya sokuhla kwezixhobo ukubala iindleko zemveliso kwaye ekugqibeleni igqibe ingeniso yonyaka yenkampani.Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ezininzi kufuneka ziyekwe ngenxa yobunzima bezixhobo zokunxiba kunye nokukrazula kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa iminyaka emi-3-5, inxalenye enkulu yazo ngenxa yombane osebenzayo.Ephakamileyo, ekhokelela ekugugeni kwezixhobo, ngoko ke iinkampani ezininzi ziqala ukuhlawula ii-capacitors zembuyekezo zokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo.
Okwesibini, indima yembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo
Umsebenzi wekhabhinethi yembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo kukubonelela ngamandla asebenzayo ayimfuneko ngokwezixhobo zembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo ngembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo.Indawo yokubonelela ngombane, ukuphucula umgangatho wegridi.
Ikhabhinethi yembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubonelelo lwamandla.Ukusebenzisa isixhobo sembuyekezo esifanelekileyo kunokunciphisa ukulahleka kwegridi yamandla.Ngokuchasene noko, ukukhetha kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kunokubangela izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nenkqubo yokubonelela ngombane, ukuguquguquka kombane, kunye nokunyuka kwe-harmonic.
Imbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo kukusebenzisa umthombo wangoku wangaphandle ukuhlawula amandla asebenzayo asetyenziswe ngumthwalo ngexesha lokusebenza.Isixhobo esinika lo mthombo wangoku siba sisixhobo sembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo.Isixhobo sembuyekezo esiqhelekileyo yi-capacitor yamandla ehambelanayo.
1. Ukuphucula inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla kunye nomthwalo wamandla, ukunciphisa umthamo wezixhobo, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla
2. Ukuphucula umgangatho wokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye neemeko zokusebenza kwezixhobo kunokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisebenza phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, ezihambelana nemveliso ekhuselekileyo.
3. Yonga umbane, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, kunye nokunciphisa amatyala ombane weshishini.
4. Inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omgca kunye nokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwegridi yamandla.
5. Ukuzinzisa umbane wesiphelo sokufumana kunye negridi yamandla, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokunikezelwa kwamandla.Imbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo aguqukayo Amandla asebenzayo aguqukayo kwindawo efanelekileyo yentambo yothumelo lomgama omde unokuphucula uzinzo lwenkqubo yothumelo kunye nokwandisa umthamo wothumelo.
6. Kwimeko yomthwalo ongalinganiyo wezigaba ezithathu ezifana nomzila kaloliwe wombane, imithwalo esebenzayo nengasebenziyo yezigaba ezithathu inokulungelelaniswa ngembuyekezo efanelekileyo engasebenziyo.
3. Umgaqo wembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo
Qhagamshela isixhobo esinomthwalo we-capacitive wombane kunye nomthwalo we-inductive wombane kwisekethe enye, umthwalo ongenisa amandla ufunxa amandla xa umthwalo we-capacitive ukhupha amandla, kwaye umthwalo we-capacitive ufunxa amandla xa umthwalo ongenisayo ukhupha amandla, kwaye amandla abiwa phakathi imithwalo emibini yotshintshiselwano phakathi.Ngale ndlela, umgaqo wembuyekezo esebenzayo kukuba amandla asebenzayo athathwe ngumthwalo owenziweyo ahlawulelwa ngumbane osebenzayo ngomthwalo we-capacitive.
Kweyona nkqubo yamandla, uninzi lwemithwalo ziimotor ezilinganayo, kwaye isekethe elinganayo yezixhobo zombane ezininzi ezibandakanya iimotor ezingafaniyo zinokuthathwa njengesekethe apho ukuxhathisa r kunye ne-inductance l kudityaniswa kuthotho, kwaye amandla ayo
Kwifomula
Emva kokudibanisa iisekethe ze-R kunye ne-L ngokuhambelana kwaye emva koko zidibanise kwi-capacitor C, isiphaluka siboniswe kuMzobo (a) ngezantsi.Inxaki yangoku yale sekethi yile:
Inokubonwa ukusuka kumzobo we-phasor kumzobo ongezantsi ukuba umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-voltage U kunye ne-current I iba yincinci emva kokuba i-capacitor idibaniswe ngokufanayo, oko kukuthi, amandla ombane wesiphaluka sombane ayanda.Ngeli xesha, isigaba sonikezelo lwangoku ndisilela emva kombane u-U, obizwa ngokuba yi-undercompensation.
Umzobo wesiphaluka kunye ne-phasor ye-parallel capacitance imbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo kumfanekiso
(a) iisekethe;
(b) Idayagram ye-Phasor (ayihlawulelwanga ngokwaneleyo);
(c) Idayagram ye-Phasor (imbuyekezo engaphezulu)
I-capacitance ye-capacitor c inkulu kakhulu, kwaye isigaba se-feed current idlula i-voltage u, ebizwa ngokuba yi-overcompensation, kunye ne-phasor diagram iboniswe kuMzobo (c).Ngokuqhelekileyo, imeko ye-overcompensation engafunekiyo iya kubangela ukuba i-voltage yesibini ye-transformer inyuke, kwaye amandla asebenzayo e-capacitive aya kwandisa ilahleko yamandla njengombane wothumelo lombane.Xa i-voltage yomgca wamandla iphakama, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla e-capacitor ngokwayo kuya kwanda, kwaye ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kuya kwanda., iya kuchaphazela ubomi be-capacitor.
4. Kutheni kufuneka sandise imbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo, kwaye iba nawuphi umphumo?
Isixa sembuyekezo yamandla esebenzayo sanda kwinqanaba elithile kwigridi yamandla, kunye nokuhamba kwamandla asebenzayo kuzo zonke imigca yokudibanisa kunye nabaguquli ukusuka kweli nqanaba ukuya kumbane kuyancipha, kwaye ilahleko yamandla edityaniswe kule nqanaba iyancipha, iqonda ukonga amandla kunye ukuphuculwa komgangatho wamandla.
Imbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo ifuna imbuyekezo esembindini kwizinto ezilingana noqoqosho ezingasebenziyo.Khetha indawo yembuyekezo kunye nomthamo wembuyekezo.Ukusebenzisa amandla ombane, abathengi banokwenza imbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wokuphucula amandla ombane.Ukusasazwa kwembuyekezo kuqala kuthathela ingqalelo iimfuno zolawulo lwamandla ombane ukwenza uthumelo lomgama omde olungasebenziyo lungasebenzi.Imbuyekezo Ukucwangciswa kwezixhobo kucwangciswe ngokomgaqo "wembuyekezo yenqanaba, ibhalansi yendawo" ukuqonda ukuba kukho imithwalo engafanelekanga.
Imbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo ayifuni ukuhlawula ngaphezulu, kuba iya kwandisa umbane wesibini we-transformer, kunye nomthamo wokuhanjiswa kwamandla asebenzayo kwintambo yombane kuya kwandisa ilahleko yamandla, oko kukuthi, izixhobo zombane zibuyisela umva amandla asebenzayo. igridi.Le meko ibangelwa ikakhulu ngamandla asebenzayo egridi yamandla.Ukugqithisa okubangelwa ukugqithisa kunokubangela umonakalo ogqithiseleyo kwigridi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukufakela i-reactor ukufunxa amandla asebenzayo.Kwinkqubo yamandla, ukuba ayilingani, i-voltage yenkqubo iya kuhla, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, izixhobo ziya konakaliswa kwaye inkqubo iya kuhluthwa.Kwangaxeshanye, ukuhla kwamandla enethiwekhi kunye nombane kukhokelela ekungakwazini ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombane ngokupheleleyo, ukuncipha komthamo wothungelwano lwenethiwekhi, kunye nokwanda kwelahleko.Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ngcono umgangatho wamandla ombane osebenzayo, ukuphucula umbane osebenzayo, ukunciphisa ilahleko yenkqubo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yobonelelo lwamandla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-13-2023